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"We think with words, therefore to improve thinking, teach vocabulary. "
"We think with words, therefore to improve thinking, teach vocabulary. "
-A. Draper and G. Moeller
-A. Draper and G. Moeller
The Frayer Model is a graphic organizer for building student vocabulary. This technique requires students to:
The Frayer Model is a graphic organizer for building student vocabulary. This technique requires students to:
- Define target vocabulary
- Apply their knowledge by generating examples and non-examples
- Give characteristics, and/or
- Draw a picture to illustrate the meaning of the word.
(Source)
Follow these steps when introducing the Frayer Model:
The teacher explains a new word, going beyond reciting its definition (tap into prior knowledge of students, use imagery).
Students restate or explain the new word in their own words (verbally and/or in writing).
Ask students to create a non-linguistic representation of the word (a picture, or symbolic representation).
Students engage in activities to deepen their knowledge of the new word (compare words, classify terms, write their own analogies and metaphors).
Students discuss the new word (pair-share, elbow partners).
Students periodically play games to review new vocabulary (Pyramid, Jeopardy, Telephone).
For an easy, ready to go activity that emphasizes some of Marzano's steps, see the Frayer Model below.
Semantic Maps
Semantic Maps
Semantic maps are great tools for students to design and figure out the relationships between words.
Semantic maps are great tools for students to design and figure out the relationships between words.
“Semantic mapping is a visual strategy for vocabulary expansion and extension of knowledge by displaying in categories words related to one another" (Kholi and Sharifafar, 2013). These almost graphic organizers are not pre-made, but made by the students to help "web" out their ideas.
[Semantic maps] build on students’ background knowledge or schema. While drawing on prior knowledge, it recognizes important components and shows the relationships among them" (Kholi and Sharifafar, 2013) as cited in Vocabulary and Fluency Classroom Strategies
yED Graph Editor : yEd can be installed on your computer (Windows, Mac, GNU/Linux) and works well. Or, try it in your web browser
yED Graph Editor : yEd can be installed on your computer (Windows, Mac, GNU/Linux) and works well. Or, try it in your web browser
You can create graphic organizers using its simple layout. It also scales up to meet the needs of grades 9-12 and adult learners. I made the semantic map shown right with yED Graph Editor; click the map to see it on the web. Watch a video overview
Solutions such as Microsoft Immersive Reader make picture dictionaries and computer-assisted read-aloud ubiquitous in popular apps like Microsoft OneNote, Flipgrid, Wakelet, and the Microsoft 365 suite. There are many technologies to assist students in creation of semantic maps. Some tools include:
Solutions such as Microsoft Immersive Reader make picture dictionaries and computer-assisted read-aloud ubiquitous in popular apps like Microsoft OneNote, Flipgrid, Wakelet, and the Microsoft 365 suite. There are many technologies to assist students in creation of semantic maps. Some tools include:
Bubbl.us: This is a web-based browser tool for creating concept or semantic maps. One of its features includes the ability to collaborate with others.
Draw.io: Looking for an easy to use, browser-based diagramming or graphic organizer creator? Look no further than Draw.io. It works in your browser, but allows you to save to whatever cloud storage system you prefer, such as Dropbox, OneDrive, or Google Drive. Watch a video overview
Interactive Word Walls
Interactive Word Walls
“The Word Wall teaching strategy creates a place in the classroom where students display the meanings of important ideas using words and pictures.
“The Word Wall teaching strategy creates a place in the classroom where students display the meanings of important ideas using words and pictures.
As students encounter new vocabulary in a text or video, creating a word wall offers one way to help them comprehend and interpret ideas in the text.” (Source)
As students encounter new vocabulary in a text or video, creating a word wall offers one way to help them comprehend and interpret ideas in the text.” (Source)
Look at a word wall. Vocabulary words focused on a topic? Connect your words to an online resource using a QR code. This will make it interactive.
Look at a word wall. Vocabulary words focused on a topic? Connect your words to an online resource using a QR code. This will make it interactive.
Teaching Vocabulary with Flocabulary
Teaching Vocabulary with Flocabulary
Wide Reading
Wide Reading
This involves providing access to a wide variety of reading materials at different levels of difficulty.
This involves providing access to a wide variety of reading materials at different levels of difficulty.
Wide Reading with Digital Media
Wide Reading with Digital Media
Resources abound for wide reading opportunities. Give them a try.
Resources abound for wide reading opportunities. Give them a try.
Point to Remember
Point to Remember
Comprehension strategies can be useful–when delivered in limited doses and connected to specific content.
Comprehension strategies can be useful–when delivered in limited doses and connected to specific content.
But cognitive science has shown that the primary factor in whether you’re able to understand what you read is whether you possess
But cognitive science has shown that the primary factor in whether you’re able to understand what you read is whether you possess
- relevant background knowledge and
- vocabulary.
Want to Learn More about Strategies That Work?
Want to Learn More about Strategies That Work?
Explore fourteen different online, self-paced courses that features strategies that work, including surface learning.
Explore fourteen different online, self-paced courses that features strategies that work, including surface learning.
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